A Gargantuan Effort

Gargantuan pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle.

Three months after combined mitral and aortic valve replacement, a 74-year-old woman presented with New York Heart Association grade II to III dyspnea. She had regular sinus tachycardia (109 bpm), and her blood pressure was 90/55 mm Hg. Routine echocardiography showed normal left ventricular ejection fraction and normal functional status of mitral and aortic valve prosthesis. However, late syst...

Primary versus secondary outcomes in gargantuan studies.

EPIDURAL analgesia is currently the most effective method available to treat pain in labor. Retrospective studies conducted during the 1980s and 1990s suggested that epidural analgesia might slow the progress of labor and cause unnecessary Cesarean sections. Unfortunately, retrospective study cannot readily separate cause and effect. If patients with slower labor are more likely to receive epid...

An effort to produce a homozygous dominant male-sterile cotton

Interconnect Effort - A Unification of Repeater Insertion and Logical Effort

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A national effort.

The 1990s were a difficult time for biomedical research in Canada. The USA vastly expanded its funding for biomedical research, particularly by doubling the budget of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), and many countries, including Japan, China and several EU nations, heavily invested in genomics research. However, repeated budgetary setbacks during the economic recession of the 1990s ...